Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Cardiovascular Risk Factor

pp. 225-232

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disorder characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep. This condition is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, and cerebrovascular events. The underlying pathophysiology involves intermittent hypoxia, sympathetic activation and oxidative stress, leading to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular remodeling.

Clinically, patients with OSAS usually present with excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring and morning headaches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polysomnography. The treatment of choice is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), a device that keeps the airway open during sleep.

Numerous studies have demonstrated a causal relationship between OSAS and increased cardiovascular risk. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, OSAS remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Early identification and appropriate treatment with CPAP are critical to improve the cardiovascular prognosis and quality of life of patients.