Integral Electrocardiography

pp 373-377

Abstract

The electrocardiogram is a function of the cardiac cellular metabolic and thermodynamic condition. During phase 0 of the transmembrane action potential the ion Na+ in flows across cellular membrane by difusion and attraction of the intracellular negative charges. This ionic force is called "sodium electro-chemical potential". This force realizes four differents works: 1) glucose in flow, 2) aminoacids in flow, 3) Ca⁺⁺ out-flow and 4) protons outflow. The electro-chemical potentials of Cl^- (phase 1 of transmembrane actionpotential), Ca⁺⁺ (phase 2 of transmembrane action potential) and K⁺(phase 3 of transmembrane action potential) are also discussed. This new metabolic-energetic information, the authors describe as "integral electrocardiography".